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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dreipunkteform</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p>Die <b>Dreipunkteform</b> oder <b>Drei-Punkte-Form</b> ist in der <a href="Mathematik" title="Mathematik">Mathematik</a> eine spezielle Form einer <a href="Ebenengleichung" title="Ebenengleichung">Ebenengleichung</a>. In der Dreipunkteform wird eine <a href="Ebene_(Mathematik)" title="Ebene (Mathematik)">Ebene</a> im <a href="Euklidischer_Raum" title="Euklidischer Raum">euklidischen Raum</a> mit Hilfe dreier <a href="Punkt_(Geometrie)" title="Punkt (Geometrie)">Punkte</a> der Ebene dargestellt. Der <a href="Ortsvektor" title="Ortsvektor">Ortsvektor</a> eines der drei Punkte dient dabei als <a href="St%C3%BCtzvektor" class="mw-redirect" title="Stützvektor">Stützvektor</a> der Ebene, während die Differenzvektoren zu den Ortsvektoren der anderen beiden Punkte die <a href="Richtungsvektor" class="mw-redirect" title="Richtungsvektor">Richtungsvektoren</a> der Ebene bilden. Jeder Punkt der Ebene wird dann in Abhängigkeit von zwei <a href="Parameter_(Mathematik)" title="Parameter (Mathematik)">Parametern</a> beschrieben. Bei der Dreipunkteform handelt es sich also um eine spezielle <a href="Parameterdarstellung" title="Parameterdarstellung">Parameterdarstellung</a> der Ebene.
</p><p>Die der Dreipunkteform entsprechende Form einer <a href="Geradengleichung" title="Geradengleichung">Geradengleichung</a> wird <a href="Zweipunkteform" title="Zweipunkteform">Zweipunkteform</a> genannt.
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Darstellung">Darstellung</h2></div>

<p>In der Dreipunkteform wird eine Ebene im dreidimensionalen Raum durch die Ortsvektoren <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/84fee53c81592db54e0fe6c6f9eba002bb1dc74b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.415ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {q}}}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8a4e063f8ee7dae2488859c45a4e645db5148085.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.309ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {q}}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6aec3c9ce13b53e9e24c98e7cce4212627884c91.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.223ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}" loading="lazy"></span> dreier Punkte der Ebene beschrieben. Eine Ebene besteht dann aus denjenigen Punkten im Raum, deren Ortsvektoren <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/db2dc6ced9cc3bc7e8b9f2707cbec033f6d3759c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}}" loading="lazy"></span> die Gleichung
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}={\vec {p}}+s({\vec {q}}-{\vec {p}})+t({\vec {r}}-{\vec {p}})}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}={\vec {p}}+s({\vec {q}}-{\vec {p}})+t({\vec {r}}-{\vec {p}})}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a66ae0d5a103079c7c4e8e62b78d6673cbac1dda.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:27.846ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}={\vec {p}}+s({\vec {q}}-{\vec {p}})+t({\vec {r}}-{\vec {p}})}" loading="lazy"></span> &nbsp; für &nbsp; <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s,t\in \mathbb {R} }">
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bae1d32304f0a658e915eadc6c9c983c51bb2692.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.483ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s,t\in \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>erfüllen. Die drei Punkte dürfen dabei nicht <a href="Kollinearit%C3%A4t" title="Kollinearität">kollinear</a> sein, das heißt nicht alle auf einer <a href="Gerade" title="Gerade">Geraden</a> liegen. Dies ist genau dann der Fall, wenn das <a href="Kreuzprodukt" title="Kreuzprodukt">Kreuzprodukt</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ({\vec {q}}-{\vec {p}})\times ({\vec {r}}-{\vec {p}})\neq {\vec {0}}}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ({\vec {q}}-{\vec {p}})\times ({\vec {r}}-{\vec {p}})\neq {\vec {0}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/af99056b00c4b2597fa3d686ea54f4335de5d229.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:21.583ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ({\vec {q}}-{\vec {p}})\times ({\vec {r}}-{\vec {p}})\neq {\vec {0}}}" loading="lazy"></span> ist. Der Vektor <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/84fee53c81592db54e0fe6c6f9eba002bb1dc74b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.415ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}}" loading="lazy"></span> dient dabei als Stützvektor der Ebene, während die Differenzvektoren <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {q}}-{\vec {p}}}">
<semantics>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {q}}-{\vec {p}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/075f80c37ecd0d8169345b79e24ad3897e5c63b1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.474ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {q}}-{\vec {p}}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}-{\vec {p}}}">
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0a7c7518050141e6397c416a23da2457c5141d82.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.389ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}-{\vec {p}}}" loading="lazy"></span> die Richtungsvektoren der Ebene bilden.
</p><p>In der Dreipunkteform werden die Punkte der Ebene in Abhängigkeit von den beiden Parametern <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s}">
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/01d131dfd7673938b947072a13a9744fe997e632.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.09ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t}">
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/65658b7b223af9e1acc877d848888ecdb4466560.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t}" loading="lazy"></span> dargestellt. Jedem Wertepaar dieser Parameter entspricht genau ein Punkt der Ebene. Die beiden Richtungsvektoren spannen dabei ein affines Koordinatensystem auf, wobei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (s,t)}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (s,t)}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c4a80873677b13851457efa3447c2f412c91e425.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.773ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (s,t)}" loading="lazy"></span> die <a href="Affine_Koordinaten" title="Affine Koordinaten">affinen Koordinaten</a> eines Punkts der Ebene sind.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beispiel">Beispiel</h2></div>
<p>Ausgeschrieben lautet die Dreipunkteform einer Ebenengleichung
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}x_{1}\\x_{2}\\x_{3}\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}p_{1}\\p_{2}\\p_{3}\end{pmatrix}}+s{\begin{pmatrix}q_{1}-p_{1}\\q_{2}-p_{2}\\q_{3}-p_{3}\end{pmatrix}}+t{\begin{pmatrix}r_{1}-p_{1}\\r_{2}-p_{2}\\r_{3}-p_{3}\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}p_{1}+s(q_{1}-p_{1})+t(r_{1}-p_{1})\\p_{2}+s(q_{2}-p_{2})+t(r_{2}-p_{2})\\p_{3}+s(q_{3}-p_{3})+t(r_{3}-p_{3})\end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>q</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>q</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>q</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>q</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>q</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>q</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}x_{1}\\x_{2}\\x_{3}\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}p_{1}\\p_{2}\\p_{3}\end{pmatrix}}+s{\begin{pmatrix}q_{1}-p_{1}\\q_{2}-p_{2}\\q_{3}-p_{3}\end{pmatrix}}+t{\begin{pmatrix}r_{1}-p_{1}\\r_{2}-p_{2}\\r_{3}-p_{3}\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}p_{1}+s(q_{1}-p_{1})+t(r_{1}-p_{1})\\p_{2}+s(q_{2}-p_{2})+t(r_{2}-p_{2})\\p_{3}+s(q_{3}-p_{3})+t(r_{3}-p_{3})\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f78d44c3fa78f4fedcaabafc312ae04626ddc3f4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.338ex; width:84.605ex; height:9.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}x_{1}\\x_{2}\\x_{3}\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}p_{1}\\p_{2}\\p_{3}\end{pmatrix}}+s{\begin{pmatrix}q_{1}-p_{1}\\q_{2}-p_{2}\\q_{3}-p_{3}\end{pmatrix}}+t{\begin{pmatrix}r_{1}-p_{1}\\r_{2}-p_{2}\\r_{3}-p_{3}\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}p_{1}+s(q_{1}-p_{1})+t(r_{1}-p_{1})\\p_{2}+s(q_{2}-p_{2})+t(r_{2}-p_{2})\\p_{3}+s(q_{3}-p_{3})+t(r_{3}-p_{3})\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s,t\in \mathbb {R} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>s</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s,t\in \mathbb {R} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bae1d32304f0a658e915eadc6c9c983c51bb2692.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.483ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s,t\in \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span>. Sind beispielsweise die drei Ortsvektoren <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}=(3,2,1)^{T}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>T</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}=(3,2,1)^{T}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/362363079d17311e8184f06af7f55cb34e417450.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:13.267ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}=(3,2,1)^{T}}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {q}}=(5,1,1)^{T}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>q</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>5</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>T</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {q}}=(5,1,1)^{T}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cc029c2aeaba9912f6014bfdd6917fbbc4d88b2c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.161ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {q}}=(5,1,1)^{T}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}=(2,2,3)^{T}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>T</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}=(2,2,3)^{T}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/247db1dd1267f32eff7ee684698aca10f8d727a1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.075ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}=(2,2,3)^{T}}" loading="lazy"></span>, so erhält man als Ebenengleichung
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}x_{1}\\x_{2}\\x_{3}\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}3\\2\\1\end{pmatrix}}+s{\begin{pmatrix}5-3\\1-2\\1-1\end{pmatrix}}+t{\begin{pmatrix}2-3\\2-2\\3-1\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}3+2s-t\\2-s\\1+2t\end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>3</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>2</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>5</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>3</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>3</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>t</mi>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>s</mi>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>t</mi>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}x_{1}\\x_{2}\\x_{3}\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}3\\2\\1\end{pmatrix}}+s{\begin{pmatrix}5-3\\1-2\\1-1\end{pmatrix}}+t{\begin{pmatrix}2-3\\2-2\\3-1\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}3+2s-t\\2-s\\1+2t\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ca2fa56a111a3337d594fd75569c0477ecc19393.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; width:61.712ex; height:9.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}x_{1}\\x_{2}\\x_{3}\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}3\\2\\1\end{pmatrix}}+s{\begin{pmatrix}5-3\\1-2\\1-1\end{pmatrix}}+t{\begin{pmatrix}2-3\\2-2\\3-1\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}3+2s-t\\2-s\\1+2t\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Jede Wahl von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (s,t)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (s,t)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c4a80873677b13851457efa3447c2f412c91e425.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.773ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (s,t)}" loading="lazy"></span>, beispielsweise <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (0,0)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (0,0)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5d630d3e781a53b0a3559ae7e5b45f9479a3141a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.168ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (0,0)}" loading="lazy"></span> oder <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (1,2)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (1,2)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1d0c72462a85992b95f90cc4a69048c9d83e8cbf.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.168ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (1,2)}" loading="lazy"></span>, ergibt dann einen Ebenenpunkt.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Berechnung">Berechnung</h2></div>
<p>Aus der <a href="Parameterform#Parameterform_einer_Ebenengleichung" title="Parameterform">Parameterform einer Ebenengleichung</a> mit Stützvektor <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/84fee53c81592db54e0fe6c6f9eba002bb1dc74b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.415ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {p}}}" loading="lazy"></span> und den beiden Richtungsvektoren <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {u}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {u}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/89c41e9cf70c5e5b56e2128a136985a75f90ba43.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {u}}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {v}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {v}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/85820588abd7333ef4d0c56539cb31c20e730753.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.175ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {v}}}" loading="lazy"></span> lassen sich neben dem Stützvektor zwei weitere Ortsvektoren von Punkten der Ebene einfach durch Wahl von
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {q}}={\vec {p}}+{\vec {u}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>q</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {q}}={\vec {p}}+{\vec {u}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e535cd4ab2312a1b1b7ed00cb97cea34c627cfb8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.902ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {q}}={\vec {p}}+{\vec {u}}}" loading="lazy"></span> &nbsp; und &nbsp; <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}={\vec {p}}+{\vec {v}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}={\vec {p}}+{\vec {v}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3c60e875c58842b9e2a1588b53dcfacd2a56c7f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.662ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}={\vec {p}}+{\vec {v}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>finden. Aus den weiteren Formen von Ebenengleichungen, der <a href="Allgemeine_Koordinatenform#Allgemeine_Koordinatenform_einer_Ebenengleichung" title="Allgemeine Koordinatenform">allgemeinen Koordinatenform</a>, der <a href="Achsenabschnittsform#Achsenabschnittsform_einer_Ebenengleichung" title="Achsenabschnittsform">Achsenabschnittsform</a>, der <a href="Normalenform#Normalenform_einer_Ebenengleichung" title="Normalenform">Normalenform</a> und der <a href="Hessesche_Normalform#Hessesche_Normalform_einer_Ebenengleichung" title="Hessesche Normalform">hesseschen Normalform</a>, wird zunächst die zugehörige Parameterform der Ebene ermittelt (siehe <a href="Parameterform#Berechnung_2" title="Parameterform">Berechnung der Parameterform</a>) und daraus dann die Dreipunkteform.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weitere_Darstellungen">Weitere Darstellungen</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Homogene_Darstellung">Homogene Darstellung</h3></div>
<p>Eine verwandte Darstellung einer Ebene mit Hilfe dreier Ebenenpunkte verwendet <a href="Baryzentrische_Koordinaten" title="Baryzentrische Koordinaten">baryzentrische Koordinaten</a>. Eine Ebene wird dann durch die Gleichung
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}=\lambda {\vec {p}}+\mu {\vec {q}}+\nu {\vec {r}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>q</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>ν<!-- ν --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}=\lambda {\vec {p}}+\mu {\vec {q}}+\nu {\vec {r}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f5388ba3ab25ca8786f8761d4e8362862de0e93c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:17.955ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}=\lambda {\vec {p}}+\mu {\vec {q}}+\nu {\vec {r}}}" loading="lazy"></span> &nbsp; für &nbsp; <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda ,\mu ,\nu \in \mathbb {R} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>ν<!-- ν --></mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda ,\mu ,\nu \in \mathbb {R} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9e84831cb0fa8b83c4c2fc7e36e89a51623d9c5b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.576ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda ,\mu ,\nu \in \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span> &nbsp; mit &nbsp; <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda +\mu +\nu =1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>ν<!-- ν --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda +\mu +\nu =1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/76d46268f39ad0a3ac59e99dd3bde6f9a389ba1a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.931ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda +\mu +\nu =1}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>beschrieben. Hierbei sind <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (\lambda ,\mu ,\nu )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>ν<!-- ν --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (\lambda ,\mu ,\nu )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5f59dbb541f8ddddbc4afb943f4ea6cf03a6afc2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.866ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (\lambda ,\mu ,\nu )}" loading="lazy"></span> die normierten baryzentrischen Koordinaten eines Ebenenpunkts. Sind alle drei Koordinaten positiv, so liegt der Ebenenpunkt innerhalb des <a href="Dreieck" title="Dreieck">Dreiecks</a>, das durch die drei vorgegebenen Punkte beschrieben wird. Sind ein oder zwei Koordinaten negativ, so liegt der Ebenenpunkt außerhalb dieses Dreiecks. Bei den baryzentrischen Koordinaten handelt es sich um spezielle <a href="Homogene_Koordinaten" title="Homogene Koordinaten">homogene</a> affine Koordinaten, während in der Dreipunkteform inhomogene affine Koordinaten verwendet werden. Die Gleichwertigkeit beider Darstellungen ergibt sich unmittelbar aus der Gleichung
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}={\vec {p}}+s({\vec {q}}-{\vec {p}})+t({\vec {r}}-{\vec {p}})=(1-s-t){\vec {p}}+s{\vec {q}}+t{\vec {r}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>q</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>q</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}={\vec {p}}+s({\vec {q}}-{\vec {p}})+t({\vec {r}}-{\vec {p}})=(1-s-t){\vec {p}}+s{\vec {q}}+t{\vec {r}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b0b10e120f81c8def23204cb25e125313111a271.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:52.994ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}={\vec {p}}+s({\vec {q}}-{\vec {p}})+t({\vec {r}}-{\vec {p}})=(1-s-t){\vec {p}}+s{\vec {q}}+t{\vec {r}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>und der Beobachtung, dass <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (1-s-t)+s+t=1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (1-s-t)+s+t=1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b977e5e43f8393f93974d55650b71e55cb37f293.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:22.454ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (1-s-t)+s+t=1}" loading="lazy"></span> gilt.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Darstellung_als_Determinante">Darstellung als Determinante</h3></div>
<p>Eine Ebene, die durch drei vorgegebene Punkte verläuft, kann mit Hilfe der <a href="Determinante" title="Determinante">Determinante</a> einer <a href="Matrix_(Mathematik)" title="Matrix (Mathematik)">Matrix</a> auch über die Gleichung
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \det {\begin{pmatrix}x_{1}&amp;p_{1}&amp;q_{1}&amp;r_{1}\\x_{2}&amp;p_{2}&amp;q_{2}&amp;r_{2}\\x_{3}&amp;p_{3}&amp;q_{3}&amp;r_{3}\\1&amp;1&amp;1&amp;1\end{pmatrix}}=0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">det</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>q</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mi>p</mi>
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<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<msub>
<mi>q</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
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<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
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</mtd>
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<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
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<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \det {\begin{pmatrix}x_{1}&amp;p_{1}&amp;q_{1}&amp;r_{1}\\x_{2}&amp;p_{2}&amp;q_{2}&amp;r_{2}\\x_{3}&amp;p_{3}&amp;q_{3}&amp;r_{3}\\1&amp;1&amp;1&amp;1\end{pmatrix}}=0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5123eb6ef3c01bc48937ce5bc6bf4aef926c6612.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -5.671ex; width:28.465ex; height:12.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \det {\begin{pmatrix}x_{1}&amp;p_{1}&amp;q_{1}&amp;r_{1}\\x_{2}&amp;p_{2}&amp;q_{2}&amp;r_{2}\\x_{3}&amp;p_{3}&amp;q_{3}&amp;r_{3}\\1&amp;1&amp;1&amp;1\end{pmatrix}}=0}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>oder äquivalent dazu durch
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \det {\begin{pmatrix}x_{1}-p_{1}&amp;q_{1}-p_{1}&amp;r_{1}-p_{1}\\x_{2}-p_{2}&amp;q_{2}-p_{2}&amp;r_{2}-p_{2}\\x_{3}-p_{3}&amp;q_{3}-p_{3}&amp;r_{3}-p_{3}\end{pmatrix}}=0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">det</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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</msub>
</mtd>
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<msub>
<mi>q</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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</mtd>
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<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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</msub>
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<mtd>
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<mi>q</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
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</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
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</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>q</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
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<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \det {\begin{pmatrix}x_{1}-p_{1}&amp;q_{1}-p_{1}&amp;r_{1}-p_{1}\\x_{2}-p_{2}&amp;q_{2}-p_{2}&amp;r_{2}-p_{2}\\x_{3}-p_{3}&amp;q_{3}-p_{3}&amp;r_{3}-p_{3}\end{pmatrix}}=0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/35f5ab6d63f1679aaef39a8304f8d18a87488cad.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; width:39.111ex; height:9.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \det {\begin{pmatrix}x_{1}-p_{1}&amp;q_{1}-p_{1}&amp;r_{1}-p_{1}\\x_{2}-p_{2}&amp;q_{2}-p_{2}&amp;r_{2}-p_{2}\\x_{3}-p_{3}&amp;q_{3}-p_{3}&amp;r_{3}-p_{3}\end{pmatrix}}=0}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>definiert werden. Eine solche Darstellung wird auch als Determinantenform einer Ebenengleichung bezeichnet. Aus den Eigenschaften des <a href="Spatprodukt" title="Spatprodukt">Spatprodukts</a> folgt über
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {p}},{\vec {q}}-{\vec {p}},{\vec {r}}-{\vec {p}})=({\vec {x}}-{\vec {p}})\cdot (({\vec {q}}-{\vec {p}})\times ({\vec {r}}-{\vec {p}}))=({\vec {x}}-{\vec {p}})\cdot {\vec {n}}=0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
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</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>q</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
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<mo>,</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mi>p</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mi>x</mi>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mi>p</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
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</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
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</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {p}},{\vec {q}}-{\vec {p}},{\vec {r}}-{\vec {p}})=({\vec {x}}-{\vec {p}})\cdot (({\vec {q}}-{\vec {p}})\times ({\vec {r}}-{\vec {p}}))=({\vec {x}}-{\vec {p}})\cdot {\vec {n}}=0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5b43f6e409baabcb9462ada53fe39e791f7e7205.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:69.186ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ({\vec {x}}-{\vec {p}},{\vec {q}}-{\vec {p}},{\vec {r}}-{\vec {p}})=({\vec {x}}-{\vec {p}})\cdot (({\vec {q}}-{\vec {p}})\times ({\vec {r}}-{\vec {p}}))=({\vec {x}}-{\vec {p}})\cdot {\vec {n}}=0}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>die Äquivalenz zur Normalenform einer Ebenengleichung.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verallgemeinerung">Verallgemeinerung</h2></div>
<p>Allgemein lassen sich durch die Dreipunkteform nicht nur Ebenen im dreidimensionalen Raum, sondern auch in höherdimensionalen Räumen beschreiben. Im <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span>-dimensionalen euklidischen Raum besteht eine Ebene entsprechend aus denjenigen Punkten, deren Ortsvektoren <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/db2dc6ced9cc3bc7e8b9f2707cbec033f6d3759c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}}" loading="lazy"></span> die Gleichung
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}={\vec {p}}+s({\vec {q}}-{\vec {p}})+t({\vec {r}}-{\vec {p}})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mover>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>q</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mover>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}={\vec {p}}+s({\vec {q}}-{\vec {p}})+t({\vec {r}}-{\vec {p}})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a66ae0d5a103079c7c4e8e62b78d6673cbac1dda.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:27.846ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {x}}={\vec {p}}+s({\vec {q}}-{\vec {p}})+t({\vec {r}}-{\vec {p}})}" loading="lazy"></span> &nbsp; für &nbsp; <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s,t\in \mathbb {R} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>s</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s,t\in \mathbb {R} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bae1d32304f0a658e915eadc6c9c983c51bb2692.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.483ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s,t\in \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>erfüllen. Es wird dabei lediglich mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span>-komponentigen statt dreikomponentigen Vektoren gerechnet. Auch die Darstellung mit baryzentrischen Koordinaten bleibt in höherdimensionalen Räumen in analoger Form erhalten.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>Lothar Papula: <cite style="font-style:italic">Mathematik für Ingenieure und Naturwissenschaftler 1</cite>. Springer, 2007, ISBN 978-3-8348-0224-8.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Dreipunkteform&amp;rft.au=Lothar+Papula&amp;rft.btitle=Mathematik+f%C3%BCr+Ingenieure+und+Naturwissenschaftler+1&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9783834802248&amp;rft.pub=Springer" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li>Thomas Westermann: <cite style="font-style:italic">Mathematik für Ingenieure</cite>. Springer, 2008, ISBN 978-3-540-77731-1.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Dreipunkteform&amp;rft.au=Thomas+Westermann&amp;rft.btitle=Mathematik+f%C3%BCr+Ingenieure&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9783540777311&amp;rft.pub=Springer" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></li></ul></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
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